1 200 79 https://nthistory.com/files/original/6dbe13a29af6250ed70e63450fce0bbd.jpg d8dc2c48ecf980796e921f54a340c9cb Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Canada, or New France, map detail (Buffalo History Museum, 1656).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1656 https://nthistory.com/files/original/a0a79de61c94c56ceca7c49b641e02cd.jpg 53d57c58180ec8ba6418dd44238afb9a Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Forts, Battles, Batteries on the Niagara Frontier (as ceded by the Senecas to the British Crown, 1764, 1919).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1764 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/2e1614f81eae176e837e8085a3a71bc0.jpg 7fc14bcd0f3537b0a85342ace2e1530b https://nthistory.com/files/original/88bf5641dc7b885d4ab63d9889252023.jpg 0c59e279e71456c604ca1b92b578a011 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Niagara River or streights between the lakes Erie and Ontario, map (1765).jpg Description An account of the resource "with the islands, falls, and rapids therein, as also the carrying place with its road and distance.' Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1765 https://nthistory.com/files/original/7cd9a6008e07cfb8662966dcab1fc48c.jpg e4b4c9c9ceca174ae9f1d62b9ef71892 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western New York map (Theatre de la guerre en Amerique) (1777).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1777 https://nthistory.com/files/original/204f6f6fcaab6ea26b2e2e8ae8a10dfc.jpg 8b671f3f8552df3569281c7554cb2f2b Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda, map (LOC, 1789).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1789 https://nthistory.com/files/original/a67d03b11231d31e032b623b3582939f.jpg c80a5bbd5d1dbe478e549675edb17424 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of the West Genesee Lands with Indian territories, map (Archives of the Holland Land Co., 1797).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1797 https://nthistory.com/files/original/ee50f05e3179b1b70f047880de9948f6.jpg 6b6d7c3627b42b4ddd8b190567b503f8 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of the Genesee Lands (Archives of the Holland Land Co., 1798).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1798 https://nthistory.com/files/original/7ebca2d69bf5928741a2040dfc266da6.jpg 143537e53acaa41de64874f2ae66ec57 https://nthistory.com/files/original/1bd40312b9457cd6a4803a78a39cab43.jpg 626c49f40d4fcac117373475a20a0143 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Holland Land Co. maps, Range 8 Town 12-13, c1798.jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1798 https://nthistory.com/files/original/2ffeb770f02ab5b28db5dbd99a6113e2.jpg 525e3b02750709ce4006c359150403ef Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cartor map of the Genesee, map (1798).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1798 https://nthistory.com/files/original/b6d8e81d04f322d0e38c2f983f4efd51.jpeg bc5af224f0e1c5ae7ac6e0be982f1907 https://nthistory.com/files/original/46b45de31b9de807aec2acd6a1c34404.jpeg 64fce7be3a13e0204180ebfc856bcc4d Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map (Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1800 https://nthistory.com/files/original/0ef2c14e49e2f295ff8e385a98d09d1e.jpg 2711cb81641e711ca917f7e5897a879c Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Genesee land of Holland Land Co., Mile Reserve, map (1802).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1802 https://nthistory.com/files/original/a445780f89aa94718c14372da6e29d34.jpg ae4f01b0ab5818aba1d1e266ae10160a Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Genesee with counties, towns and roads (Archives of the Holland Land Co., c1810).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1810 https://nthistory.com/files/original/1df5fb1c6db6afed6488be0cf02e9e40.jpeg 29d3b75d2e70e18903c3f99e869e8c30 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Niagara Frontier War of 1812, map (1888).jpg Description An account of the resource Showing Tonawanda "Guard House." Is this the block house? Maybe. In small outposts, a blockhouse might also serve as a guardhouse if it was the only shelter available. But in formal reports or engineer maps, the two terms were distinct. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1812 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/56e7e2e26659a5e04e96ca221bdb8012.jpg 8898523395e1b4c3ae4e454f500d6eef Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Towns of West Geneseo (Archives of the Holland Land Company, 1813).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1813 https://nthistory.com/files/original/dbe1106cf915d9e4070a98ba2c123ba4.jpg 877cc71a1a4538dcc32037b1aa3d8df7 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Niagara River, lands ceded to state (1822).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1822 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/bbb3ed3d5131458e686f098aef4ff047.jpg 6cdcb7a62e8aae2a01d812d203fda063 https://nthistory.com/files/original/3fdfd3a5db6e11d527fc8f0dbc645cfd.jpg ee76c06000e3a3467418dfe355dab2cf https://nthistory.com/files/original/e02de28a74de5e8659e06c373449d109.jpg 253ed47143515575fef198177b9271b4 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of the western part of the state of New York, 1823, detail (Vance, NYPL).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1823 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/89e81744e852d91fff45648e9127e16a.jpg f5c8b69c0e555907e9b79cc647d1d7f3 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Western New York with the Holland Purchase (Holland Land Co. c1825).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1825 https://nthistory.com/files/original/44465f8343b5c95bfdd8bf75812482d8.jpg b79bfd42a0f0e16bfd65ca088096b50b Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Genesee Lands with County Subdivisions, map (1829?).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1829 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/b51347942139b56cd601874dfa156927.jpg 76bdeed859f488d00e6adb830dacc1ed Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Niagara County, map (D. H. Burr, 1829-01-05).jpg Description An account of the resource Author Burr, David H., 1803-1875 Date 1829 Short Title Niagara County. Publisher D.H. Burr Publisher Location New York Type Atlas Map Obj Height cm 41 Obj Width cm 43 Scale 1 151,000 Note Hand col. engraved map. Relief shown by hachures. Shows flouring mills, factories, forges, saw mills, churches, parcels, etc. Includes "Remarks" concerning land subdivision in county. Prime meridian: Washington, D.C. State/Province New York County Niagara County (N.Y.) Full Title Map of the County of Niagara. By David H. Burr. Published by the Surveyor General, pursuant to an Act of the Legislature. Entered according to an Act of Congress Jany. 5th. 1829 by David H. Burr of the State of New York. Engd. by Rawdon, Clark & Co., Albany & Rawdon, Wright & Co., N. York. List No 0103.048 Page No No. 49 Series No 52 Engraver or Printer Rawdon, Clark & Co. Engraver or Printer Rawdon, Wright & Co. Publication Author Burr, David H., 1803-1875 Pub Date 1829 Pub Title An atlas of the State of New York, containing a map of the State and of the several counties ... under the superintendance & direction of Simeon DeWitt, Surveyor General, pursuant to an Act of the Legislature, and also the physical geography of the State & of the several counties & statistical tables of the same, by David H. Burr. New York, published by David H. Burr. 1829. Engravd. by Rawdon, Clark & Co. Albany & Rawdon, Wright & Co., New York. Pub Reference Phillips, 2206; Nestler, H. A bibliography of New York State communities 3d ed., p. 107; Creek, A.B. Maps of the Genesee Valley & Finger Lakes Region 1776-1950, p. 62; LeGear. Atlases of the United States, L2396; Ristow, W.W. American maps and mapmakers, Pub Note This atlas is the second atlas published in the 19th century of one of the individual states in the U.S., preceded only by Mill's Atlas of South Carolina, issued in 1825, and followed closely, also in 1829, by Greenleaf's Atlas of the State of Maine (Ristow, p96). This copy is the 1st edition, second state, actually published in 1832. Howard Welsh rescued this copy which was obviously about to be broken up and disbound. When we acquired it from his estate it was completely disbound; subsequently we had it rebound and restored. The Map of the City and County of New York is dated 2nd. ed., 1832 ; Haskell 725 lists this as appearing in the 1829 ed. of the Atlas. Therefore, we can presume that there are two 1829 eds., the first state with this map dated 1829 (Haskell 721) and the second state which is this copy with the 1832 map (Haskell 725). The Map of New York State is also dated 1832. All other maps are dated 1829. Full hand painted color. Bound in half leather marbled paper covered boards with "New York Atlas" stamped in gilt on the spine. Pub List No 0103.000 Pub Type State Atlas Pub Maps 51 Pub Height cm 56 Pub Width cm 45 Image No 0103048 Download 1 <a href=https://www.davidrumsey.com/rumsey/download.pl?image=/D0051/0103048.sid target=_blank>Full Image Download in MrSID Format</a> Download 2 <a href="https://www.extensis.com/support/geoviewer-9" target="_blank">GeoViewer for JP2 and SID files</a> Authors Burr, David H., 1803-1875 Collection Rumsey Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1829-01-05 hd map https://nthistory.com/files/original/62ab93fe387e6af5efc6efbbae2bcbe5.jpg 7eb530154758f65e5642ba6f06d6fb5f Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Niagara County, map (c.1836).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1836 Description An account of the resource "<span>Present day Niagara Street was the original route of the first steam railroad in Western New York. Service from Black Rock to Niagara Falls began on August 26, 1836." - <a href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=77794">hmdb.org</a></span> map https://nthistory.com/files/original/38ca196ee908a54909ef91bc7c212351.jpeg a9bcc112085542a181542d2e0658ffa0 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aerial view Lake Erie to Lake Ontario (Toronto Public Library, 1837).jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1837 Description An account of the resource The occasion for the illustration appears to be to show the location of the "sinking" of the steamship Caroline (labeled #11, though it is hard to read: basically to the left of Navy Island). The Caroline was owned by Canadian rebels against Britain, supported by the U.S. On December 29, 1837, Canadians loyal to Britain discovered the ship on Navy Island, drove off most of the crew, killed Amos Durfee (an American black man), set the Caroline on fire, and sent it over Niagara Falls. Durfee's killer was never identified. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_affair https://nthistory.com/files/original/72abc96661317ec049df68f80628500d.jpg 250b76498f9159ed5bccf37eeb527495 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chart of Tonawanda Harbor, with villages of Tonawanda and Whitehaven (1837).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1837 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/88498 Description An account of the resource Map prepared for East Boston Timber Company, who had holdings on Grand Island, Tonwanda Island and more. Some of the features may be imaginary or planned.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/88498/chart-of-tonawanda-harbour-with-the-adjacent-villages-of-ton-browne"></a>Many interesting details, including residence&nbsp; of a Grimard (near Pettit Creek): <br /> <ul> <li>Gustavus Grimard of Niagara County <a href="https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/29423197?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a223773453275774e446c48445749337172466f2b306c6d54716a37484e34454848633535616f70484f7436673d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d">owns land in Michigan</a> according to this 1837 U.S.General Land Office note</li> <li>Gustavus Grimard shows up in Buffalo in the <a href="https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/29422729?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a2234797a63627a314577554464516f2b3268705a5a415777667a516250703651694468726862494352384f553d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d">1860 Census</a> at 44 as a "Liquor Dealer" w family</li> <li>French-born 1816</li> <li>Amos Pettit in 1860s <a href="https://casetext.com/case/pettit-et-al-v-shepard">has a case precedent</a> describing transfer from Joshua Pettit to Gustavus Grimard. "Anguish" also mentioned.</li> </ul> (Arthur?) Tweddale appears around where Payne will settle, and has a "lane." Payne's Hill is shown. Side lock and guard lock on the canalnin Tonawanda.&nbsp;<br /><br /><a href="https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/88498/chart-of-tonawanda-harbour-with-the-adjacent-villages-of-ton-browne">High-res</a> https://nthistory.com/files/original/518f490ad70b3c0770ee96d0ab4c322f.jpg 92ca26413fc8738268674f2ee3c27e92 https://nthistory.com/files/original/b5d5293dc50a51ad78924e6b5c19b1f6.jpg 7cd1e861cd7ca3f59f213d2aaafb605c Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Niagara and Vicinity (D. Jay Browne, 1838).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1838 Description An account of the resource "Shows townships, towns, roads, canals, and Indian reservations. Surveyed & drawn under direction of the East Boston Timber Co." A "M. Spring" (mineral spring?) is prominently identified in lot 12. https://nthistory.com/files/original/2dbd30c7139cb9902a3afc66d2b18fa4.jpg a33abbb75dabbcc92df5ec6633aa805c Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Niagara County map, North Tonawanda as Niagara, map (1838).jpg Description An account of the resource https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47db-13e2-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1838 https://nthistory.com/files/original/eb49e351ef69e55034b22b3fe9b32a6c.jpg b3b5a669ef8adb98d72d304b2e21de6b Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1026 Width 1381 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Village of Tonawanda, map (1849).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1849 https://nthistory.com/files/original/29db9cb77de35b8bc826c364c264846e.jpg 19fa9f42d753dbf55f2f5662a46b9c54 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western New York townships, map (Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase of Western New York, 1849).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1849 https://nthistory.com/files/original/0888233712f8956cac4ec1f929148a48.jpg ee2424af9148f1f70b85ca35c92d4019 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Niagara County, detail (LOC, 1852).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1852 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2013593261/">https://www.loc.gov/item/2013593261/</a> https://nthistory.com/files/original/68bb097b0f561725815b1bcccd34c1eb.jpg 1e853606518ff7bed840db0ecfa1f246 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Niagara County, map (LOC, 1852).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1852 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/58652fae88af4ee0a9a4cdaf91d81988.jpg a0317b408e865a3af05a07104516c9e1 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource NT, Martinsville in Town of Tonawanda, Bush family, map (LOC, 1854).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1854 Description An account of the resource From "Map of Erie County, New York : from actual surveys." Philada. : Robert Pearsall Smith, Publisher ; Buffalo : John Angell, Publisher, 1854. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3803e.la000493/?r=0.363,0.128,0.202,0.161,0 map martinsville https://nthistory.com/files/original/0a886a9ee4fcac16ab2177c240a1b2e2.jpg 0134641471c68fd6f986a5f9dc080e67 https://nthistory.com/files/original/0e076c9ebe22bc7d75964abe50b17ab3.jpg fae137c5409764445b21f0f6e9c8abe1 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of the Village of Tonawanda in the Counties of Erie and Niagara, N.Y. (1857).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1857 Description An account of the resource Handwritten additions depict the depth and extent of a March 18, 1858 flood. hd map https://nthistory.com/files/original/5a4224aac65dc2b76ed56367ace52af0.jpg e6be2bff7eea2864838e976e0f9cb670 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda, map (detail of Map of Niagara and Orleans counties, 1860).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860 https://nthistory.com/files/original/927b838baed79db599494b70fab8690e.jpg 4c2f674cb117d282ef1f73116253fbb5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Martinsville Description An account of the resource <img class="cover" src="../../../custom/cover/56.jpg" alt="Postcard view looking north up Old Falld Blvd" /><span class="cover-caption">Old Falls Boulevard, looking north from Lockport Ave. to Niagara Falls Blvd. Postcard detail, c.1900.</span> The northeast part of North Tonawanda known as "Martinsville" is named after the father of the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther. It is settled by German Lutheran farmers, beginning around 1843. They settled in narrow farms along the west bank of Tonawanda Creek. As the area developed, a "downtown" emerged along William Street, present-day Old Falls Blvd, near Lockport Rd. (pictured above). The village boasted its own post office, stores and places of entertainment.&nbsp;<br /><br />Most of Martinsville was incorporated into the then-booming City of North Tonawanda in 1897. The sections of Martinsville east of present-day Old Falls and Niagara Falls boulevards are considered part of Wheatfield.<br /><br />The real estate transaction that brought many of the settlers to the area, its early growth, and the contentious religious devotion of its people are described in&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/606"><em>History of Niagara County 1821-1878</em></a>: <blockquote>In 1843 Carl Sack, Erdman Wurl and Fred Grosskopf purchased of William Vandervoote 400 acres, at $15 per acre, on the Tonawanda creek, in the southeast corner of the town, four miles east of Tonawanda village, in what is now known as the village of Martinsville. Lutheran religious antecedents caused the adoption of this name by the disciples of Martin Luther. The original purchase was divided into small lots of three acres and up- ward, as others were able to purchase, to provide for the location of thirty families the first season. They erected ten log houses in the autumn, each of which was occupied by three or four families during the winter and until joint efforts relieved the immigrants by building others. The families remained in Buffalo until the first houses were built, obtaining the best accommodations they could find. Forbidding as the prospect in the beginning must have been, it has been changed to the appearance of prosperity. The church organization is the controlling element in the government of the community, now consisting of one hundred families, connected with the two now existing, the result of divided feeling, but not an abandonment of the Lutheran faith.</blockquote> Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Martinsville, map (detail of Map of Niagara and Orleans counties, 1860).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860 https://nthistory.com/files/original/48e1f6240636d002f94bb91934592cd5.jpg 4ba58d0d44ec1cb13a6722882231a253 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda and Martinsville, map detail (Beers Atlas of Niagara and Orleans, 1860).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860 Description An account of the resource Carney's Island, Distillery, Ayer Estate, Fisher, Cap. o. Shepard, Rosebrock, Kibber, Roney, A. Jerbitz, Zimmerman, Rumbolt, Dreggs, Nutting, J. Johnson, J. Chadwick,D. Locke, Fritz, Kopp, Taul, others. https://nthistory.com/files/original/763dc0c97e10742dda8fae7e1e36b62f.jpg 1063b4ded28f2404a07d89567604e3d0 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Village of Tonawanda, map (1866).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1866 Description An account of the resource # Section 1 90 M. Hickel 89 V. Smith 88 C. Kohler 1 C. Swinger 2 Mrs Hollister 3 D. Kohler 4 P. Riggs 5 N. Acker 6 Mrs Swinger 7 Store 8 Presb. Ch. 9 W.D. Murray 2 P. Miner 13 W. Hay 35 B.S.Sh. 42 Planing Mill 18 J. Vincent 19 S.A. VanBrooklin 20 V. Driggs & Co. 21 N. Smith 22 C. Swinger 23 X. Dant 24 S. Simmons 25 O.D. 26 Mrs S. 27 N. Acker 28 V. Driggs & Co. 29 N. Noyes 33 J.W. Cramer 31 F. Fanning 33 H. Bulls (sh. sh.) 35 S.A.V. --- # Section 2 1 J. Nice 2 L. Swinger & Cas. Green 3 X. Dant J. Nice F. Krauss 4 B. Neff C. Schwenger & Co. 5 Jos. Bush J.M. Hipman 6 G.W. Sherman F. Driggs B.S.Sh. Cramer Mrs Domiker 8 M. Gerhart Mrs Kibler W. Kibler 9 Messrs McGown C. Filstead 10 T. Smith 12 Carney 13 J. Kaiser Mrs Marshall 14 J.B. Ward 15 Mrs Ansley 16 J.B. 17 S.A.V.B. B.S.Sh. 18 Machine Sh. 19 J. Stretch 20 Corbeck 24 H. Luhmann 25 E. Fink 28 29 G. Filstead 30 C. Swinger 32 Fanning & Bush 33 J. Holloway 195 L. Wail 196 P. Roberts 197 Jemer 199 O. Shepard 198 W.H. 201 P. Cook 203 L. Zoniker 204 G.W. Sherman 208 J. Grotwell 223 H. Smith 228 W. Dick 240 J. Hay 239 J. Holway 46 G.F. 51 E. Knot 55 J. Stretch 56 E.M. 57 S.A.V.B. 60 B. Mickle 65 D. Hough S. Hough 66 Mrs X. 67 Mrs M. Merrick 69 Ensninger & Co. 73 N.S. 75 Warner 76 W. Sh. B.S.Sh. 77 School 80 School Ho. 82 W. 84 R.C. Parsonage 85 P.E. Ch. 87 V.D. 88 Humphrey 89 Mrs Kennedy 91 F.M. 92 94 95 U.D. 99 L. Green 121 H. Stanley 124 B.F.B. 126 128 Engine H. 131 Hotchkiss 132 133 Mrs A. Phillips 135 J.L. McClellan 139 Flora 140 Gamrych 141 W. Bush 148 J. Critch 149 M.D. Stanley 150 W. Westell 153 O. Burns 155 156 157 U. Driggs 159 179 B.L. 181 182 P. Humphrey 183 Mrs Benham 187 Mrs Wagner 188 192 Stagmire --- # Section 3 1 B.S.Sh. 2 Mrs C. 3 J.S. 4 P. Harro 5 A. Spoo 6 P. Krig 7 W. Sh. A. Tayl. 8 T. Hedlepen 9 J.S. 10 J. Luteman 12 Shingle Mill 13 W. Barth Rosebrook 14 A. Kaler 15 J. Jacobs 16 F. Gortz 17 S. Donaldson 18 A. Cramer 19 J. Able 20 21 Mrs E. Clark 23 Mrs Long 29 Buck 30 G.G. 31 Mrs M. Long 32 C. Goodenough 33 J. Hime 34 C.G. 35 St. Andrews 36 J.S. 43 P. Cook 47 G. Meyer 49 51 54 R. Dutton 59 J.C. 61 S.J. Bayelow 63 Luth. Ch. 64 66 Leonard 69 Mrs Lonnisburg 73 S.A.B. 74 81 S.P. Bliss 88 L.P. Ross 96 J. Gancy 107 C. Hale 108 T.J. Keith 101 102 C. Schwenger 103 ---- TONAWANDA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Attorneys and Counsellors at Law. George Wing. G. L. Judd. B. H. Long. Physicians. A. R. White...Physician and Surgeon. F. F. Hoyer... “ A. J. Haughton... “ Customs. E. Hensler...Collector of Customs. J. J. Critchlow...Inspector of “ N. R. Acker...Canal Agt, Office on Seymour St. J. Hay...Inspector of Customs. Surveyors. B. F. Betts...Civil Engineer and Surveyor. A. R. Trew... “ Grocers. L. Hinkey...Ship Chandler. A good supply of Groceries and   Provisions constantly on hand. W. Kibler...Dealer in Groceries, Provisions, Crockery & Glass-ware. U. Driggs... “ R. Cuthbert... “ L. Green... “ W. Schwenger... “ H. & E. Ayer... “ F. Fink... “ C. Reek... “ J. W. Louttit... “ C. M. Nichols... “ C. Vorbeck... “ Druggists. H. C. Roberts...Dealer in Drugs, Medicines and Perfumery. A. R. White...Dealer in Drugs, Medicines, Perfumery, Books,   Stationery, &c. Founders and Blacksmiths. S. A. Van Broklin...Iron Foundry and Machine Shop. Forging   and Blacksmithing done to order. Also Dealer in Tin   Ware. C. G. Martin...Blacksmith and Wagon Ironer. Hickel & Vicker...Manufacturers and Dealers in Ploughs and   Agricultural Implements, Wagons and Sleighs. Black-   smithing done to order. Dealers in Lumber and Shingles. A. B. Williams...Manufacturer and Dealer in Lumber. J. Simson... “ W. F. Simson... “ P. Misner...Receiver and Shipper, & “ J. Huff... “ A. G. Kent...Manufacturer and “ A. W. C. Gregory... “ Shingles,   and Staves. Cutler & Ransom...Manufacturers and Dealers in Lumber. Van Vorrhis & Hyde... “   Wooden Water Conductors. All sizes constantly on hand.   Wholesale and Retail Office at the Mill North Tona-   wanda. B. F. Betts...Wood Dealer. P. Cook...Manufacturer and Dealer in Boxes. I. McClellan...Lumberman and Boatman. E. B. Hill... “ S. Sawyer... “ Kent & Williams...Dealers in Oak and Pine Bridge and Build-   ing Timber and Logs, White Oak Plank, &c. Boards   Sawed to Order. N. Nugent...Manufacturer and Dealer in Planed and Matched   Lumber. Planing and Matching done to order. Also,   Receiver and Shipper. Good Dockage and Storage.   Coal and Wood for Sale. H. Bobst...Dealer in Lumber, Shingles and Logs. Dealers in General Merchandise. X. Daul...Merchant Tailor. B. H. Neff...Dealer in Dry Goods, Clothing, Hats, Caps, Boots,   Shoes, and Wall Paper. H. Newell...Dealer in Dry Goods, Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps, &c. J. M. Hubman...Manufacturer and Dealer in Boots and Shoes. L. P. Rose...Dealer in Flour and Feed. H. Butts...Undertaker. Dealer in Coffins and Cabinet Ware.   Pleasure Boats and Fishing Tackle to Rent. G. Filstead...Manufacturer and Dealer in Cabinet Ware, and   Undertaker. G. H. Sherman...Dealer in Iron, Sheet Iron, Tin, and Copper   Ware. W. J. Cosbway...Watch Maker and Jeweler. Watches, Clocks,   and Jewelry Neatly Repaired. Plating done to Order,   Also Picture Framing. Miscellaneous. J. Heney...Editor and Proprietor Tonawanda Commerce. D. Bellinger...Farmer and Contractor. S. Bellinger...Resident. G. Wentz...Barber and Hair Dresser. F. Knothe...Ornamental House and Sign Painter. J. Lester...Saloon and Billiard Rooms. J. Nagel...Manufacturer and Dealer in Wagons and Sleighs. T. Snyder...Deputy Sheriff of Erie County. J. Holway...Foreman New York Central Rail Road. G. Becker... “ “ Canandaigua Branch. W. Kroupp...Sawyer. S. Sawyer...Engineer. J. Chadwick...Livery and Boarding Stables. S. S. McMerrick...Builder and Mover, Manufacturer and Dealer   in American Sherry Wine. B. Sheldon...Station and Express Agent and Receiver. F. Warren...Farmer. Mrs. R. M. Cosbway...Dealer in Millinery and Fancy Goods.   Bonnets Cleaned and Pressed. C. L. Straight...Resident. V. Smith...Proprietor Smith’s Hotel. E. P. Brown...Farmer. C. H. Calkins...Carpenter and Joiner. https://nthistory.com/files/original/97dcc13571a7468d58874b6289af042f.jpg 5cf4cec95cc81e2ca213cd9eb4c2f365 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda and Martinsville, map (D.G. Beers & Co., 1875).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1875 https://nthistory.com/files/original/48e0825f704157fe8b79de9c1f9e8b1b.jpg cceb6a8a20f70db0cbcfcd61cafa69f6 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wheatfield Township, map (D.G. Beers & Co., 1875).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1875 Description An account of the resource Showing North Tonawanda, Ironton, Martinsville, Bergholtz, Walmore, Shawnee districts and more. https://nthistory.com/files/original/6e827a0d12725b8ec178c6d581b3d413.jpg 69bfc634cc1f1ddb6f7921782c2215bf Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Niagara River near Tonawanda, map (1876).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1876 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/fee32a05de13c02a205135cf83cee90b.jpg 51aa66bc5a24652728b478b748e1c497 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Survey of lands under water for William H. Gratwick and Robert L. Fryer, map (1876-12-07).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1876-12-07 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/850835ee60139a6ce4e3314436406af5.jpg dcd3d524e909e6915090e696bf398cfc https://nthistory.com/files/original/fc7429d28a626ab3537285e6e0f7ebb1.jpg d95f47fc6aadd03d9c3bea9a86c9271d Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Harbor and Lumber District (1877).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1877 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/9962b833d34175d3d0ce9d79e2e5da65.jpg 268b8718a36bc7863c14b0181fcbe057 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Survey of lands under water for John Simson & Theoren W. Woolson, Lots 80, 81 (1877-07-24).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1877-07-24 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/913d453a61827189ce005dba3625151e.jpg eb35b9c347cd3077f3d123e2625bec06 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Survey of lands under water for John Simson, Benjamin F. Felton (1877-07-24).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1877-07-24 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/3f87b4452b0e60bee02a5d3c5fd7cfeb.jpg abd1c0513df42d5543268dde47dbabb0 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Survey of lands under water for John Simson and Benjamin F. Felton (1877-07-24).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1877-07-24 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/1c0d50824ec8fa15f6d235f58f28d222.jpg be1a474212b3538b5502365e28621bc2 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Survey of lands under water for McGraw and Co., Bond and Front Streets, map (1877-07-24).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1877-07-24 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/0a494df4dc3b36bc9034629fec99192b.jpg ff257a82e8fa33221ddb0303a869fbb3 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Survey of lands under water for Simson, John, at Grawick, map (1877-07-24).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1877-07-24 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/498aa96ac9744687158a3409c32a186a.jpg d74ef70bbdc213eaa740fb02efa9af72 https://nthistory.com/files/original/b09e4d6287f31c4166e2590035ee507c.jpg 2919261255e2c2801575f2e9bf681970 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast part of Tonawanda, map (1880).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1880 https://nthistory.com/files/original/f8ce5d47e37781c94371ded4e0dd6465.jpg e75b502ffbdd36c3b14c1c976682e71e https://nthistory.com/files/original/3d918d73900feb243962e75504ec59b3.jpg 6cd4c217d5fb33cee1b59371393df2be Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Avenues / Ironton (Neighborhood) Description An account of the resource <img class="cover" src="http://www.nthistory.com/custom/cover/83e.jpg" alt="Ironton and First Ave in 2024. Photo by Dennis Reed Jr" /><span class="cover-caption">Ironton Street and First Ave in 2024. Photo by Dennis Reed Jr</span> <b><em>See also: <a href="https://www.nthistory.com/articles/lost-village-of-ironton/">The lost village of Ironton and the birth of the Avenues</a> and <a href="https://nthistory.com/collections/show/141">Avenues Folk: Mary Kijowski-Konstanty of Fifteenth Ave</a>.</em></b><br /><br /><strong>Origins of Ironton</strong><br /><br />The "spark" for Ironton arrives in 1873, when Niagara Furnace (later <a href="http://nthistory.com/collections/show/16">Tonawanda Iron and Steel)</a> locates on the banks of the Niagara River near Wheatfield Street. The unofficial village of "Ironton" is named after the promising venture. After initial excitement (and investment in the surrounding land) however, the furnace shuts down after only a year in operation.&nbsp;<br /><br /><strong>Early doings</strong><br /><br />In 1875 map, h<span>omes are seen in the lower Avenues. Oliver Street business? Churches. Colonel Payne's estate is still intact across Payne and up to Dahlgren Place, the former northern limit of the early Avenues. Ironton Street from 1880s according to ArcGIS.<br /><br /></span>"From 1880-1890, its population increased form 1,492 to 4,793," (Biographical and portrait cyclopedia of Niagara County, New York, p.110).<br /><br />In 1882, the establishment of a John Cichoki's <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/1665">tavern on River Road</a> near Wheatfield street <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/1543">is a foothold</a> for early Polish settlers. Grocers and butchers are nearby. In 1884 a "minor school in a small frame building" is established less than a quarter mile east down Wheatfield at Dahlgren Place (<a href="https://www.nthistory.com/items/show/1477">Buffalo Courier Express, 1905)</a>. In 1889 or 1890, the much larger, <span>Richardsonian Romanesque style</span> <span><a href="http://nthistory.com/collections/show/64">Ironton Public School #2</a> opens at the corner of 1st Ave and Oliver Street.&nbsp;<br /></span><br /><strong>The furnace burns again; the River Road industrial corridor</strong><br /><br />The old Niagara Furnace site is expanded and relaunched in 1889 by Tonawanda Iron and Steel. The adjacent marshes and former farms once again become valuable real estate, with "manufacturing interests" courted for the valuable land along the river and railroad tracks. More Poles, Hungarians and others flock to the Avenues, bringing their languages, traditions and chickens with them. An 1891 guidebook describes the real estate situation: <blockquote>It was purchased from Pratt &amp; Jewett by Geo. P. Smith and A. J. Hathaway, Oct. 15, 1889, replatted, and Jan. 1st, 1890, put on the market. Within a year 500 building lots had been sold and 100 houses erected.<br /><br />With June of the present year [1891] the Ironton Land Co. was incorporated with capital of §100,000 and everything bids fair for a prosperous career, as this is the river center of North Tonawanda corporation, and being traversed by all the rail- roads it cannot fail to secure prominent manufacturing interests. <br /><br />The Ironton addition is less than a mile from the North Tonawanda City Hall. With the Iron &amp; Steel Works, the surrounding lumber interests and the bolt and nut works of Plumb, Burdict ct Barnard, which has recently been located on the adjoining property, this section of the city will make a convenient and desirable place for mechanics and business firms. It has the water supply, electric lights, and will soon be connected by the electric street car line. <br /><br />A double two story brick block for stores has just been completed on Oliver street, making a nice addition to the mercantile conveniences there, a $15,000 brick school house was erected a couple of years since, a church dedicated in August and this section has all the modern conveniences of the older part of the city.</blockquote> <strong>Land<br /></strong><br />In November 1889, <a href="https://niagara.nygenweb.net/biography/smithgeorgep1897bio.html">George P. Smith</a> and <a href="https://niagara.nygenweb.net/biography/hathawayaj1897bio.html">A. J. Hathaway</a> buy land opposite the iron works.<strong><br /><br /><br />Incorporation into the City of North Tonawanda</strong><br /><br />The village of "Ironton" (along with the villages of North Tonawanda, Gratwick and Martinsville) is incorporated into the City of North Tonawanda in 1897. The last remnant of the old village name is in its "Ironton Street," running along the west edge of the original avenues. It never had its own post office, or government, but it is an interesting part of the patchwork of the original city that has mostly now vanished from public recall.<br /><br /><strong>An increasingly Polish community on the Avenues</strong><br /><br />For the numerous Polish on the <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/3436">original seven avenues</a>, their church is the center of their community. OLC is established on Center Ave, exactly where the grotto is today. It is later rebuilt just south. <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/collections/show/98">Pettit Creek</a> flows through the area (it will be covered).<br /><br /><a href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale%20-%200105.pdf">The paving of Oliver Street being planned August 26, 1893.<br /></a><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zCwdAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=ironton+tonawanda&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s"> A progress report </a><a href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale%20-%200169.pdf">about a month later</a><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zCwdAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=ironton+tonawanda&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s">. October 5 </a><a href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale%20-%200235.pdf">there is labor trouble between Poles and Italians</a><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zCwdAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=ironton+tonawanda&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s">.</a><br /><br />The upper avenues remain essentially woods and marshes until the 1940s, when settlement accelerates with the nationwide Baby Boom.&nbsp;<br /><br /><em>Notes:</em><br /><br />&nbsp;* <span><em>Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, of the State of New-York</em> (1884,</span>&nbsp;<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EEEdAQAAIAAJ">Google Books)</a> Also has lots of details about new Goundry Street school and a brief mention of Gratwick school and enrollment figures.1890 "The village of Tonawanda is up and awake as far as educational matters are concerned. It has a progressive board of education composed of five members, all liberal men in their views. A new brick school building is nearly completed at Ironton, a suburb of the village, that would be a pride to any town."<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zCwdAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=ironton+tonawanda&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s"><br /></a> <br />John Carr on Facebook in January 2017: "Go back to the 1800's and my great grandfather's farm, as well as several others, was there, extending from the river inland past Payne. The house was originally along the river. Eventually the lumber yards and steel mills pushed the property, and the house back from the river to Oliver (#849 or #869). In the 1890's, after his death, the property was sold off and developed into individual housing lots. At that time the area was annexed to North Tonawanda, before that the area was part of Wheatfield. Carr Street still exists by the town pool. Many of my great grand parents children and their families had homes in the area. We see the area today pretty much as it was developed then, however modernized a bit and not the capitol of industry it was then."<br /><br /><a href="https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=b5be67cf0e05477e8f4ad3161ab51422">ArcGIS</a> and old map notes:<br /> <ul> <li>1860 map show Cap. O. Shepard in a few places. From Ohio. Buried there. H(enry) Rosebrock from Hanover, Germany (1880 Census); H. Luttman German. F. Roney</li> <li>Homes on Ironton Street range between 1870 (96 Ironton), 1880 (144 Ironton) and into the early 1900s. Some Year 0s (e.g., 188).</li> <li>The River Rd - Wheatfield "businesses" at southeast corner are 1900-1930, couple of year 0s, though 1886 map shows SOMETHING there earlier.</li> <li>Weston &amp; Son lumber all around in 1886 maps, Stocum &amp; DeGraff south across Summer</li> <li>Simson Street: Properties start at 1860 (23 Simson), couple 1880s and 0s. "<span>Rua, Joseph M" listed as owned on many.&nbsp; 1875 map it's called "Judd Ave, and names of homeowners are given (several Simsons); Called "Miller" in 1886 map. Early enclave for nearby mill, predating even Iron Works?&nbsp;</span></li> </ul> Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tonawanda on Survey of the Northern and Northwestern Lakes of Lake Erie, nucleus of Ironton, 1880).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1880 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/74d2938be76cbc66887016d597fb84f0.jpg 285e458c6ffb4948407b32c20b2f83f0 https://nthistory.com/files/original/bf1e3d02b83bb107c58f591d3aec5d2d.jpg f8654c6527c683629a0646a5880d56f7 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Principal part of Tonawanda Harbor, map composite (1880-06).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1880-06 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/c8a7302781aa879439402246e43d2333.jpg 76e4654f8b1c6a1fbfa33fe13b2312cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tonawanda Island Description An account of the resource <img class="cover" alt="1853 illustration of Tonawanda Island, showing the Beechwater residence, and a ferry The Saratoga plying the waters of the Niagara River." src="http://www.nthistory.com/custom/cover/55e.jpg" /><span class="cover-caption">1860 illustration showing the southern tip of Tonawanda Island. The lavish Beechwater residence and a smaller building are seen to the left of a&nbsp; mysterious mound (Harper's Monthly Magazine, May 1860) </span><span>This small island in the Niagara River is today home to the N.T. (Water) Pumping Station, Taylor Devices, a booming feral cat population and (we expect) a very few skillful mice. But a mysterious structure at the south end of the island drew some of the earliest widespread attention to our area.<br /><br /><strong>Early explorers encounter burial mounds left by Native Americans. Or giants.</strong><br /><br />Early European explorers notice a roughly 15 foot-high mound of earth near the southeastern end of the island. One explorer dates the peculiarity to the Native American Squawkie Hill phase (100-400 A.D.), which "included a religious aspect involving the burial of high-status individuals" (John Percy).<br /><br />Indeed, human remains are discovered within, though there is little consensus on who (or what) they were. In 1853, <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/557"><em>Gleason's Pictorial</em> reports</a> that resident Mrs. White (more on the Whites below) personally unearthed "the skull and bones of a human body, supposed to be an Indian chief...not...less than eight feet in stature." (The article adds vaguely that "Many other curiosities are found on the island.") An 1860 article in <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/2980"><em>Harper's</em> tells</a> of "several heaps of bones, each comprising three or four skeletons" found just under a circle of stones with indications of fire. Modern mysteriophile Mason Winfield poi</span><span class="text_exposed_show"><span class="text_exposed_show">nts to sensational accounts in frontier newspapers claiming at least two "very bizarre skulls" were excavated from the enclosure, with a "portentous, protruding lower jaw and canine forehead," and buried in a way inconsistent with the traditions of the locals. An 1865 presentation before the Buffalo Historical Society claims the mounds are of Neutral Nation origin:</span></span> <blockquote>Once in every ten years the survivors of each family gathered the remains of their deceased ancestors from the platforms on which they had been deposited, and buried them in heaps, with many superstitious ceremonies. This was called the " Feast of the Dead." Many of the mounds thus raised may still be seen in this vicinity. A conspicuous one on Tonawanda Island, is affirmed by the old Senecas to have had such an origin.</blockquote> <span class="text_exposed_show"><span class="text_exposed_show">The skeletons are not confined to the great mound, either. Yet more human remains are found while digging the foundations for the Beechwater mansion, the <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/2326"><em>Tonawanda News</em> reports</a> in 1906.<br /><br />Across the Little River, on the mainland, <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/1565">evidence of</a> a Native American armory is discovered, with numerous broken flints and arrows.<br /><br />Earliest birth on the island? (From <em>The Niagara Frontier</em>, p. 29)</span></span> <blockquote>The Senecas have a different name for Tonawanda Is land. They call it Ni-ga -we-na/i--a-ah, signifying The Small Island. It contains less than one hundred acres. Its upper end having a fine elevation above the surface of the river, was an occasional camping ground of the Senecas, before their final settlement in this region. Philip Kenjockety (hereafter more particularly noticed), claims to have been born there, while his father s family, then residing on the Genesee, were on one of their annual hunting expeditions.</blockquote> <br /><strong>Carney's Island (1791)</strong><br /><br />The island's first European inhabitant arrives as early as 1791, one <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/1070">Edward Carney</a>, who hopes to "squat" his way into possession of the island. The property's value skyrockets however when <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/2352">Mordecai Noah's plan</a> to turn nearby Grand Island into a refuge for the world's displaced Jews gets underway around 1825, and the land is purchased at auction from the state by Samuel Leggate of New York City (<a href="https://www.lockportjournal.com/news/lifestyles/niagara-discoveries-tonawanda-island-stephen-white-and-his-magnificent-mansion/article_657aa96e-c9eb-54ca-8237-dc7dcc2e0afb.html"><em>Lockport Union-Sun &amp; Journal</em></a>). <br /><br /><strong>Stephen White's Island and the Beechwater mansion (1833)</strong><br /><br />The next speculators to turn their eyes to our area are the moneyed men of the East Boston Timber Company in 1833. They harvest the white oak of Grand Island to build ships in New England. President Stephen White purchases Tonawanda Island as a headquarters and residence, and it becomes known as "White's Island."&nbsp; <blockquote>To cement his claim, White built a magnificent mansion at the southern end of the island. “Beechwater,” as White called it, was designed by Boston architect Samuel Perkins in 1835 for $18,000. The interior contained cherry, black walnut and marble embellishments (<a href="https://www.lockportjournal.com/news/lifestyles/niagara-discoveries-tonawanda-island-stephen-white-and-his-magnificent-mansion/article_657aa96e-c9eb-54ca-8237-dc7dcc2e0afb.html"><em>Lockport Union-Sun &amp; Journal)</em></a></blockquote> The Beechwater mansion <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/1565">boasts</a> "chimney pieces from Italy," surrounding pleasure grounds with "choice fruits, ornamental shrubbery and graveled walks," and was called the finest residence in Western New York at the time. Famous American lawyer and politician Daniel Webster (after whom Webster Street is named) <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/2326">visits&nbsp; Beechwater</a> on several occasions. Webster's son Fletcher is married to White's daughter Caroline there in 1836. <br /><br />Further plans of the East Boston Timber Company are thwarted by a poor economy. By 1840 the white oak of Grand Island has been cut down and floated away to New England. Stephen White dies, and his widow stays on. <br /><br /><strong>Summer resort and pleasure grounds</strong><br /><br />Beechwater is offered as a summer resort beginning around this time. Local organizations come to Tonawanda Island for picnics by the hundreds, brass band blaring away as the tugs pull their boats to the platforms. Writer N.P. Willis <a href="https://nthistory.com/items/show/4002">extols its beauty</a> in an item in this collection. Some propose turing the island into a <a href="https://nthistory.com/items/show/4038">sportsmen's paradise</a>: other a military training ground. <br /><br />William Wilkeson purchases the property from the White family in 1869, planting orchards and vineyards. There are some rumors the old mansion is haunted.<br /><br /><strong>Lumber and industrial era</strong><br /><br />In 1881, William Wilkeson sells the property to Smith, Fassett &amp; Company, one of the many lumber concerns flocking to the Tonawandas. The natural harbor of the Little River make the island and opposite shore perfect for stacking, processing and shipping immense quantities of lumber, and North Tonawanda has become a major lumber market.<br /><br /><span>The ferry that operated will no longer be adequate. Apr 21 1883 "An act to incorporate the Tonawanda Island Bridge Company, for the purpose of constructing and operating a bridge from Tonawanda island to North Tonawanda [passed]" -&nbsp;</span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IYJZAAAAYAAJ">Gen Statutes of State of New York</a>.&nbsp;<br /><br />Beechwater, Stephen White's mansion, coexists for a while with the lumber around it: "<span>The mansion is now [1887] the home of Mr. and Mrs. Theodore S. Fassett, who have renovated it and thoroughly restored its decaying beauties."<br /><br /><strong><a href="https://nthistory.com/items/show/3942">1891 Buffalo Express Pictorial:</a>&nbsp;</strong><br /><br />"The Tonawanda Island Lumber District, which is shown in our largest illustration, is rapidly becoming famous as the *ne plus ultra* of all lumber plants. Being an island docked and navigable all around, it allows a compactness in the arrangement of the yards, which on any mainland would be impossible. Visiting buyers appreciate this feature of the district. They are able to get quickly into the midst of 100,000,000 feet of lumber without the usual long tramp to accomplish the same result, in a five-minute walk from North Tonawanda railroad station, they find lumber in front of them, lumber behind them, lumber on each side of them. In every direction millions of white pine are in sight, bright and clean, the gangways all planked, and an air of perfect neatness and cleanliness everywhere.<br /><br />"This property, when nothing but forest, fruit farms, and swamps, was purchased of our deceased townsman, William Wilkeson, by James R. Smith and Theodore S. Fassett with its development into a lumber district solely in view. This meant a very large operation for industrial development, requiring a heavy outlay of money to put the island into any shape for business also of $1,000,000, Mr. Lewis A. Hall becoming a director in the company, with a large holding of the stock. Railroad switch tracks ran into every yard, and while these tracks are owned by the N.Y.C. &amp; H.R.R.R., all other roads have equal privileges on the Island by the provisions of the Bridge Charter.<br /><br />"The Tonawanda and Wheatfield Electric Co. are now building a $40,000 plant near the north end, to furnish power for an electric street railroad. These facilities, with a telephone service and telegraph office, leave but little to be desired. The docked frontage on the property is now nearly two miles in length. The Tonawanda City Water Works, located on the west side of the island, are fully described elsewhere.<br /><br />"The discouragements met by Messrs. Smith &amp; Fassett in reaching the present grand development of the property are said to have been many and great, but the work is done, and the hurry and bustle of wheeling lumber from every direction, into planing mills or direct into cars, gives no outward evidence that but one year ago orchard and forest and swamp would have seen the sight where now three mammoth planing mills are throwing off their smoke high in air, and millions of lumber loom up in regular piles over 100 acres of level well-drained ground."<br /><br /></span><strong>National Guard billets there</strong> during a labor uprising. Although said to still be largely structurally sound, the mansion is <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/2326">torn down in 1906</a>, as the "demand for lumber yardage makes its razing imperative." It was long been rumored to be haunted. A section of its fireplace is preserved and cared for by the Historical Society of the Tonawandas.<br /><br />Later significant occupants of Tonawanda Island include the International Paper Company and the R. T. Jones Lumber company.<br /><br />Emile Durkee Bridge. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <ul> <li><a href="http://www.lockportjournal.com/news/lifestyles/niagara-discoveries-tonawanda-island-stephen-white-and-his-magnificent-mansion/article_657aa96e-c9eb-54ca-8237-dc7dcc2e0afb.html">NIAGARA DISCOVERIES: <em>Tonawanda Island, Stephen White and His Magnificent Mansion,</em> Ann Marie Linnabery</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/details/pioneerhistoryof00turne/page/n6">Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase of Western New York, 1849</a></li> <li>Percy, John. <a href="https://www.wnyheritage.org/product/buffalo-niagara_connections_a_new_regional_history_of_the_niagar/index.html"><em>Buffalo-Niagara Connections: A New Regional History of the Niagara Link</em>.</a> Western New York Heritage Inc. 2001</li> </ul> Relation A related resource <ul> <li><a href="http://www.nthistory.com/collections/show/92">International Paper Company</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.nthistory.com/collections/show/48">Lumber Scenes</a></li> </ul> Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tonawanda Island, map detail (Principal part of Tonawanda Harbor, 1880-06).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1880-06 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/6d0a729cb62d700e91e0eca1899fcafe.jpg 9c8ea7cfe8b93eb490328e306dfe6da7 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tonawanda Harbor, map (archives.gov, 1881-06-30).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1881-06-30 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/fb12393a4689aef8001ee6d16bde3068.jpg 1e52faecad62904b048407e100353685 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tonawanda Harbor, map (archives.gov, 1882-03).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1882-03 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/7de56095aa64e2b42ac1360bf5d9bbb7.jpg a95904ede3b65cddb9c73ff4b7186bc0 https://nthistory.com/files/original/6188461c3d04034ce9a01c6f5d9ead89.jpg 2bb36765902e70a1032751096453fbf0 https://nthistory.com/files/original/a202a8b098956cf184d5358431638485.jpg 799960323058ad0d42bdd2ff7ff9df64 https://nthistory.com/files/original/a6bb5ee3b675b48a2ced514e2c509df1.jpg 5b708119aca282f9fac62bc683d3e522 https://nthistory.com/files/original/336d6d58f07f13b9ed68c8efe2730550.jpg a23a983b5c5acea4b340a631289d278a https://nthistory.com/files/original/4b2c548c116238f9d230dad4d7dcb795.jpg e2c898780651cd0f180366b2ec0b5d7c https://nthistory.com/files/original/c2f131c1a826d646ee87c96b2448c73f.jpg 3268d14f90b6e1c616276eee7f09c311 https://nthistory.com/files/original/1f854c7c53855c9bcecf66f2cb1e7213.jpg 8bdaeb0c92f9caa305693ff15cd6793f https://nthistory.com/files/original/1da22ede94c64b7d2725343d2791455d.jpg 8bb8c0ca0b243153a0b3427d974ca22c https://nthistory.com/files/original/8d805389dd0389309b4d20bff9cc2542.jpg 3bd9743e9014f57a4dbbcc5b408a52f6 https://nthistory.com/files/original/c1942d8d5bd55138a4d85261943ca90d.jpg d46f9ec9af3b9eab0e0ecb2075cd8a6e https://nthistory.com/files/original/2bded6092333f9e246137802cd38c4f6.jpg e1531e1f09d2c5faaa30a1580687108b https://nthistory.com/files/original/1dffd888ba1cada315d38d0aa0b53450.jpg 23d881123c5833ea99a169d7e6677717 https://nthistory.com/files/original/2e3899a5919630eb68d60cde695ba467.jpg 85669c23635e4b52aea03d8ee642d076 https://nthistory.com/files/original/3dc717bef56631cc41e668140ad089c7.jpg d085dbc7670fe891be3a551bf29faf01 https://nthistory.com/files/original/6b24be3827d75dc41992f7025af65d5c.jpg 639c2a4ae40100cf07d462ffe1545f81 https://nthistory.com/files/original/cf0628abf1a5496f77df9c3ed67b2cb0.jpg 3c2d6737ffa4dedce6be8e4e18cf0ccb https://nthistory.com/files/original/c6afc5c8152469557a632f1adc743a96.jpg a0b78f23f56bfe26f23a6349eefd7ae6 https://nthistory.com/files/original/149ab22e66aba8fe4af1ef51e52e194a.jpg 476f1caa02a4ca151635db58ad60f10c Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tonawanda and North Tonawanda, Sanborn Insurance map collection, color (LOC, 1886).jpg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn06304_001/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1886 https://nthistory.com/files/original/f538665af7c93dadca646b7ed54c2ba3.jpg 54d433ee4225153469972714bf30b271 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 1 Height 2838 Width 2056 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda new city limits, map (Tonawanda News, 1890).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890 https://nthistory.com/files/original/879ac3372eadddb668f8d8dce9f3c308.jpg e6840092f09b4ded2431bd693a5e09bc https://nthistory.com/files/original/1ebba6bce1a1ff5da941143c0035d74a.jpg c6da4317323ccf3a22582b304f72394a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trains and Trolleys Description An account of the resource <strong>Trains</strong> <br /><br />Soon after the Erie Canal is completed, railroads begin to compete for business.<br /><br />From <a href="https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/collection/data/930152959">researchworks.oclc.org</a>: <blockquote>In 1834 the Buffalo and Niagara Falls Railroad Company was incorporated to take over the Buffalo and Black Rock Company. It extended the lines to Niagara Falls and into Tonawanda. In 1853 the Buffalo and Niagara Falls Railroad Company was leased by New York Central Railroad and was merged in 1855.</blockquote> From <a href="https://www.niagarafallsinfo.com/niagara-falls-history/niagara-falls-municipal-history/railroads-of-niagara-falls/the-buffalo-niagara-falls-railroad/">niagarafallsinfo.com</a>: <blockquote>The Buffalo &amp; Niagara Falls Railroad was incorporated on May 3rd, 1834. The Legislature of the State of New York passed a law to empower the railroad to construct a single or double track railroad between the City of Buffalo and the <a href="https://www.niagarafallsinfo.com/niagara-falls-history/niagara-falls-municipal-history/the-city-of-the-falls-plan/the-idea-for-the-city-of-the-falls/">Village at Niagara Falls</a>. <br /><br />The railroad had a mandate to operate for a 50 year term and was empowered to absorb all rights, privileges and franchises belonging to the Buffalo and Black Rock Railroad Company, which had been built and was being operated by horse power.<br /><br />The Buffalo &amp; Niagara Falls Railroad began operating in 1845. The 28 mile trip from Buffalo to Niagara Falls was a three hour journey being pulled by a wood stoked steam locomotive....<br /><br />In 1852, the Buffalo &amp; Niagara Falls Railroad relocated their tracks to the west side of the Erie Canal. <br /><br />On December 22nd 1853, the Buffalo &amp; Niagara Falls Railroad was leased to the New York Central Railroad. <br /><br />On April 23rd 1869, the New York Central Railroad began operations within the Niagara escarpment.</blockquote> From <a href="https://buffalohistory.org/Explore/Exhibits/virtual_exhibits/buffalo_anniversary/175th/page_e1.htm">buffalohistory.org</a>: <blockquote>The Buffalo and Niagara Falls Rail Road was the first in Erie County to use steam locomotives. Service from Black Rock to Tonawanda began in August, 1836; from Buffalo to Tonawanda in September; and by November, 1836, the train ran on a regular schedule between Buffalo &amp; Niagara Falls.</blockquote> <strong>Railroads on the maps</strong><br /><br />The <a href="https://nthistory.com/items/show/3974">1837 Tonawanda/Whitehaven map</a> shows the B&amp;NF railroad already established on Webster. It also shows a "Road to Lockport" and a "Proposed railroad to Lockport" heading out "Detroit Street" (later, Goundry Street).<br /><br />In <a href="https://nthistory.com/items/show/1258">this 1838 map</a>, it appears the former "road" hosts a new "Tonawanda &amp; Lockport Railroad." Some more info from <a href="https://www.newyorkcentraltrainstation.org/history-new-york-central-train-station">newyorkcentraltrainstattion.org.</a><br /><br />By <a href="https://nthistory.com/items/show/3560">1852</a>, a third line, "The Canandaigua and Niagara Falls," is added. From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmira_and_Lake_Ontario_Railroad">Wikipedia</a>: <blockquote>On July 1, 1853, the Canandaigua and Niagara Falls Railroad opened between Canandaigua and North Tonawanda. It was also 6 ft (1,829 mm) broad gauge, and was leased by the Canandaigua &amp; Elmira RR, giving it access to the Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge.</blockquote> <br />In <a href="https://nthistory.com/items/show/1664">this 1854 map</a>, The Canandaigua route has changed to run south of the Erie Canal and then be carried over the canal into North Tonawanda at the foot of Oliver street. The cantilever bridge will later be built here.<br /><br />By the time of <a href="https://nthistory.com/items/show/240">this 1875 map</a>, a third railroad crosses the canal into North Tonawanda: The Erie, at the foot of Vandervoort street.<br /><br />As late as 1908, there are still tracks on the east side of Webster street. Looks like the railroad agrees to remove them in December 1921, not sure when it happens.<br /><br /><strong>Trolleys</strong> <br /><br />Before everybody in North Tonawanda could afford their very own muffler-less Honda Civic to run up and down Oliver Street, trolleys were an important means of personal transportation. Several lines ran throughout the city, moving people to and from their jobs, churches, or just out for a look around. Though they may seem romantic to us now, people griped about the trolleys the same way we complain about snow plows today. Apparently their slow speed was sometimes targeted: An item in this set describes a "well-known peddler" in the Gratwick area who is injured by a trolley car. The author drolly observes, "'Twould have been a real miracle if a Gratwick car could have got up enough speed to have killed him" (Tonawanda News, 1908-2-13). <br /><br />The trolley era did not last long. By the 1920s, the electric streetcar had been passed by the gasoline-powered bus as the most prevalent means of public transportation. Another article in this set from the Tonawanda News, "Carpenter now operates 14 busses in the Tonawandas," outlines the rise of the Carpenter Rapid Transit buses. Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Matthews, Northrup & Co.'s new map of the city of North Tonawanda, Niagara Co., N.Y. (1891).jpg Description An account of the resource Showing trolley and train routes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1891 hd map https://nthistory.com/files/original/9e72a596cdfff9191316ad247c4b1903.jpg bbe6c5591fadb4fbc1f19a999d8ea7d9 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 648 IPTC Array a:1:{s:7:"caption";s:84:"From the topographic map: Niagara Falls and vicinity / U.S. Geological Survey, 1894.";} IPTC String caption:From the topographic map: Niagara Falls and vicinity / U.S. Geological Survey, 1894. Width 1035 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lumber Business of the Tonawandas Description An account of the resource <img class="cover" src="http://www.nthistory.com/custom/cover/48.jpg" alt="Map of the Lumber District of the Tonawandas, 1893" /><span class="cover-caption">In the heyday of the Tonawandas' lumber years, practically every available inch of the Niagara riverfront and Tonawanda Island is covered in lumber (shown as lettered, colored portions in the map above). <a href="http://nthistory.com/items/show/1848">1893 Sanborn Insurance map</a>.</span> In the mid-to-late 19th century, vast forests of Midwest timber are cut, dressed and shipped by water to the exploding towns and cities of the east, largely through the Tonawandas. The villages' advantageous location (between the Great Lakes and the Erie Canal) and the natural harbor afforded by Tonawanda Island make it one of the largest lumber ports in the country by 1890. A lock allows small craft to jump between the Niagara River and the Erie Canal via the non-canalized portion of Tonawanda Creek.<br /><br />Scores of lumber comanies spring up here, and their yards vaccum up almost every available inch of real estate along the Niagara River, Tonawanda Creek, and Tonawanda Island. Docks are built over the water, and millions of feet of lumber stored in great blocks are stacked to the sky. They are brought here largely on lake vessels from Lake Erie, where they are moved onto canal boats by lumbershovers and stevedores and hauled by canal boat captains (along with other goods) to points east.<br /><br />The big business means big money, and conflict between the laborers and employers sometimes turns deadly. Articles in this collection describe the lumbershovers strikes of 1892 and 1893, the first of which resulted in the death of a police officer, and both of which required the National Guard to be deployed. A separate collection, "<a href="http://nthistory.com/collections/show/136">Murder at the Docks</a>," digs into the 1895 double murder of canal boat captain Lorenzo Phillips and his son Charles as the captain attempted to haul a load of lumber from P. W. Scribner's Tonawanda dock in defiance of a boatmen's union agreement.<br /><br />As the forests of the midwest were depleted and shipping routes and technology changed, the lumber heyday of the Tonawandas receded into the past. Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tonawanda and North Tonawanda, Sanborn Insurance map collection, color (LOC, 1893).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn06304_003/ https://nthistory.com/files/original/31ccc444008eede37e31ec87bd5ed536.jpg a098aa02ba002d5bcca84e010e8b887b https://nthistory.com/files/original/18ad89c8f34751ad97ee902e132b52fe.jpg 58f416086d2e0ff89c4a9b02042a67c1 https://nthistory.com/files/original/a4704b4c8f302c1b063524eb64b2a765.jpg 3bb31c3b67402e5773493efd990158dd https://nthistory.com/files/original/83999226ced14a26e0002447d9bb651a.jpg 0e76c80f898d289d5bb8a4bfc4864a20 https://nthistory.com/files/original/ae7d55342fc472b16dbc220e0c2fd2ca.jpg 2289df73073b79b005b55e8a3f4c5c8b https://nthistory.com/files/original/d1419e419f6e8d3b888da6aa088ca644.jpg a3f7761eb0d1113375e31815eae499a9 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Atlas of the Vicinity of Buffalo and Niagara Falls, Plates 9-14 (G.M. Hopkins and Co., 1893).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893 Description An account of the resource Selection of plates showing North Tonawanda and Tonawanda near the Erie Canal. https://nthistory.com/files/original/be7e7aeb4f935ad3b57e9a79db76c385.jpg 92e5cc01ee1595d0731a2ec9c159decf Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda, Martinsville, Ironton, map detail (1895).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1895 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/67c395415d9a33c460d1217e7bda21d0.jpg 39b197eacb30b0195d84eb99eb2b6a0c https://nthistory.com/files/original/80e28371fe6b9bf8c37ec76089437ee1.jpg 2b9873202f82d77b6f9d2effad34d8d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Payne Estate Description An account of the resource The area north of Wheatfield Street and on both sides of Payne Avenue--formerly the farm and dwelling of early resident and major landholder <a href="http://nthistory.com/items/show/616">Colonel Lewis Payne</a>--was developed for residential use starting around 1914. Stanley, Bennett and Evans Streets stand where "Payne Hill" was knocked flat, its fill going to the Hi-Speed trolley embankment.<br /><br />Other portions were set aside for use in schools (the North Tonawanda High School and Colonel Payne school). <br /><br />The land for Payne Park and Memorial Pool is given in Edward Payne's 1938 will. A provision in the Payne Holding Corp. deed of June 14, 1938 states, "This, conveyance is made and taken upon condition that the land as above described shall be used and maintained as and for a public park to be known as Payne Park." Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda, topographical map (1899).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1899 Description An account of the resource Note Payne's Hill, seven avenues, Pettit Creek. avenues https://nthistory.com/files/original/d062e04dafe8f54b75fcd11e036eca3f.jpg b1d1e88e6c367737722767779feabd9e Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wheatfield, Sawyer, Martinsville, topographical map (1899).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1899 https://nthistory.com/files/original/636f2cbd7b67f5072dd7ccf9ea6e37ee.jpg 0c6a2db2e71c7742718e2ea4b59d6d65 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda, map (1901).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901 https://nthistory.com/files/original/ff71c42385910984d7ff5ed1ef10237b.jpg 35ddb50d0094d008c7497cee444b99fe Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda topographical map (1901).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901 https://nthistory.com/files/original/d2a363e9da68739536505356a8ca2f73.jpg ba70c8ef6c02625092f539a3523a602c Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource City of North Tonawanda, map (N. Tonawanda City Directory, 1903).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1903 https://nthistory.com/files/original/92234b47018979cfdea321e3180f07f3.jpg 1ee337cb0a9088866468ca5e460521fb Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 3792 Width 5744 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda, southwest, map, hi-res (1908).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1908 Description An account of the resource All 5 plates available at <a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2005631776/">LOC</a> https://nthistory.com/files/original/b9ef6149b46771618476c6f7a5a4ded7.jpg 66aa2e3054aefb2f6a617142a227483f Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda, northwestern, hi-res, map (1908).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1908 gratwick ironton https://nthistory.com/files/original/1da675113028c9fa436f6a9ac8b25057.jpg c07b5749f373b32facf91c4b11b96bee Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource City of North Tonawanda, map (Niagara County Atlas, 1908).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1908 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/4e456f2818ffd4d279919f2167ac85d0.jpg b56b342fd678ed299af1c120018f0cbe Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tonawandas, Sanborn insurance map overview (1913).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1913 map https://nthistory.com/files/original/9a3780c3f1907bc865655e39222abce1.jpg 9a48bcbba0f4be9c461dec2352189444 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1877 Width 3722 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource WNY Railrod Map Pre-Merger, hi-res (1920).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920 https://nthistory.com/files/original/5b114e0812a3c922ea8fbbc013ee4394.jpg 789de020ffa24b62a58f7320fd262ad8 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Tonawanda and North Tonawanda (1935, Tonawanda News).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 https://nthistory.com/files/original/10a54922cead1a3fb68487ca415b4c22.jpg f868fd29a95a19e239600a26332dea1f Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Town of Wheatfield, map (1937).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 https://nthistory.com/files/original/238652e7a4796fe15e8d2f05ee9cf960.jpg 91e1b479419de2c6a8a68039fde78a44 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Avenues / Ironton (Neighborhood) Description An account of the resource <img class="cover" src="http://www.nthistory.com/custom/cover/83e.jpg" alt="Ironton and First Ave in 2024. Photo by Dennis Reed Jr" /><span class="cover-caption">Ironton Street and First Ave in 2024. Photo by Dennis Reed Jr</span> <b><em>See also: <a href="https://www.nthistory.com/articles/lost-village-of-ironton/">The lost village of Ironton and the birth of the Avenues</a> and <a href="https://nthistory.com/collections/show/141">Avenues Folk: Mary Kijowski-Konstanty of Fifteenth Ave</a>.</em></b><br /><br /><strong>Origins of Ironton</strong><br /><br />The "spark" for Ironton arrives in 1873, when Niagara Furnace (later <a href="http://nthistory.com/collections/show/16">Tonawanda Iron and Steel)</a> locates on the banks of the Niagara River near Wheatfield Street. The unofficial village of "Ironton" is named after the promising venture. After initial excitement (and investment in the surrounding land) however, the furnace shuts down after only a year in operation.&nbsp;<br /><br /><strong>Early doings</strong><br /><br />In 1875 map, h<span>omes are seen in the lower Avenues. Oliver Street business? Churches. Colonel Payne's estate is still intact across Payne and up to Dahlgren Place, the former northern limit of the early Avenues. Ironton Street from 1880s according to ArcGIS.<br /><br /></span>"From 1880-1890, its population increased form 1,492 to 4,793," (Biographical and portrait cyclopedia of Niagara County, New York, p.110).<br /><br />In 1882, the establishment of a John Cichoki's <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/1665">tavern on River Road</a> near Wheatfield street <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/1543">is a foothold</a> for early Polish settlers. Grocers and butchers are nearby. In 1884 a "minor school in a small frame building" is established less than a quarter mile east down Wheatfield at Dahlgren Place (<a href="https://www.nthistory.com/items/show/1477">Buffalo Courier Express, 1905)</a>. In 1889 or 1890, the much larger, <span>Richardsonian Romanesque style</span> <span><a href="http://nthistory.com/collections/show/64">Ironton Public School #2</a> opens at the corner of 1st Ave and Oliver Street.&nbsp;<br /></span><br /><strong>The furnace burns again; the River Road industrial corridor</strong><br /><br />The old Niagara Furnace site is expanded and relaunched in 1889 by Tonawanda Iron and Steel. The adjacent marshes and former farms once again become valuable real estate, with "manufacturing interests" courted for the valuable land along the river and railroad tracks. More Poles, Hungarians and others flock to the Avenues, bringing their languages, traditions and chickens with them. An 1891 guidebook describes the real estate situation: <blockquote>It was purchased from Pratt &amp; Jewett by Geo. P. Smith and A. J. Hathaway, Oct. 15, 1889, replatted, and Jan. 1st, 1890, put on the market. Within a year 500 building lots had been sold and 100 houses erected.<br /><br />With June of the present year [1891] the Ironton Land Co. was incorporated with capital of §100,000 and everything bids fair for a prosperous career, as this is the river center of North Tonawanda corporation, and being traversed by all the rail- roads it cannot fail to secure prominent manufacturing interests. <br /><br />The Ironton addition is less than a mile from the North Tonawanda City Hall. With the Iron &amp; Steel Works, the surrounding lumber interests and the bolt and nut works of Plumb, Burdict ct Barnard, which has recently been located on the adjoining property, this section of the city will make a convenient and desirable place for mechanics and business firms. It has the water supply, electric lights, and will soon be connected by the electric street car line. <br /><br />A double two story brick block for stores has just been completed on Oliver street, making a nice addition to the mercantile conveniences there, a $15,000 brick school house was erected a couple of years since, a church dedicated in August and this section has all the modern conveniences of the older part of the city.</blockquote> <strong>Land<br /></strong><br />In November 1889, <a href="https://niagara.nygenweb.net/biography/smithgeorgep1897bio.html">George P. Smith</a> and <a href="https://niagara.nygenweb.net/biography/hathawayaj1897bio.html">A. J. Hathaway</a> buy land opposite the iron works.<strong><br /><br /><br />Incorporation into the City of North Tonawanda</strong><br /><br />The village of "Ironton" (along with the villages of North Tonawanda, Gratwick and Martinsville) is incorporated into the City of North Tonawanda in 1897. The last remnant of the old village name is in its "Ironton Street," running along the west edge of the original avenues. It never had its own post office, or government, but it is an interesting part of the patchwork of the original city that has mostly now vanished from public recall.<br /><br /><strong>An increasingly Polish community on the Avenues</strong><br /><br />For the numerous Polish on the <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/items/show/3436">original seven avenues</a>, their church is the center of their community. OLC is established on Center Ave, exactly where the grotto is today. It is later rebuilt just south. <a href="http://www.nthistory.com/collections/show/98">Pettit Creek</a> flows through the area (it will be covered).<br /><br /><a href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale%20-%200105.pdf">The paving of Oliver Street being planned August 26, 1893.<br /></a><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zCwdAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=ironton+tonawanda&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s"> A progress report </a><a href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale%20-%200169.pdf">about a month later</a><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zCwdAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=ironton+tonawanda&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s">. October 5 </a><a href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201893%20Jul-Jul%201894%20Grayscale%20-%200235.pdf">there is labor trouble between Poles and Italians</a><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zCwdAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=ironton+tonawanda&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s">.</a><br /><br />The upper avenues remain essentially woods and marshes until the 1940s, when settlement accelerates with the nationwide Baby Boom.&nbsp;<br /><br /><em>Notes:</em><br /><br />&nbsp;* <span><em>Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, of the State of New-York</em> (1884,</span>&nbsp;<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EEEdAQAAIAAJ">Google Books)</a> Also has lots of details about new Goundry Street school and a brief mention of Gratwick school and enrollment figures.1890 "The village of Tonawanda is up and awake as far as educational matters are concerned. It has a progressive board of education composed of five members, all liberal men in their views. A new brick school building is nearly completed at Ironton, a suburb of the village, that would be a pride to any town."<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zCwdAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=ironton+tonawanda&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s"><br /></a> <br />John Carr on Facebook in January 2017: "Go back to the 1800's and my great grandfather's farm, as well as several others, was there, extending from the river inland past Payne. The house was originally along the river. Eventually the lumber yards and steel mills pushed the property, and the house back from the river to Oliver (#849 or #869). In the 1890's, after his death, the property was sold off and developed into individual housing lots. At that time the area was annexed to North Tonawanda, before that the area was part of Wheatfield. Carr Street still exists by the town pool. Many of my great grand parents children and their families had homes in the area. We see the area today pretty much as it was developed then, however modernized a bit and not the capitol of industry it was then."<br /><br /><a href="https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=b5be67cf0e05477e8f4ad3161ab51422">ArcGIS</a> and old map notes:<br /> <ul> <li>1860 map show Cap. O. Shepard in a few places. From Ohio. Buried there. H(enry) Rosebrock from Hanover, Germany (1880 Census); H. Luttman German. F. Roney</li> <li>Homes on Ironton Street range between 1870 (96 Ironton), 1880 (144 Ironton) and into the early 1900s. Some Year 0s (e.g., 188).</li> <li>The River Rd - Wheatfield "businesses" at southeast corner are 1900-1930, couple of year 0s, though 1886 map shows SOMETHING there earlier.</li> <li>Weston &amp; Son lumber all around in 1886 maps, Stocum &amp; DeGraff south across Summer</li> <li>Simson Street: Properties start at 1860 (23 Simson), couple 1880s and 0s. "<span>Rua, Joseph M" listed as owned on many.&nbsp; 1875 map it's called "Judd Ave, and names of homeowners are given (several Simsons); Called "Miller" in 1886 map. Early enclave for nearby mill, predating even Iron Works?&nbsp;</span></li> </ul> Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Avenues, Payne Estate, future Mid-City Plaza, aerial photo (1938).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://niagara-county.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html">https://niagara-county.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html</a> avenues gratwick ironton map photo https://nthistory.com/files/original/d2db85422afea56cddec383a93da4567.jpg 6c0ce4c3737077a9e90279c1c7e5504e Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Census Enumeration map of northern North Tonawanda, hi-res (NARA, 1940).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 https://nthistory.com/files/original/5e7995c69cac0536e9ae8720ebc0625c.jpg 88797cf8256a7907ebaeddad7fde2760 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 380 Width 500 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda, map (1941).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941 https://nthistory.com/files/original/1f10cff956b72a0e27faca34e6d513c7.jpg f5c7e7c57e437024b997ca3073be916e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gratwick School Description An account of the resource The first schoolhouse in the village of Gratwick is a one-room frame building put up by the education-minded Germans in 1885 (Crosbie). Built in 1892, Public School Number 4 opens at Payne and Stenzil in 1894. It is enlarged in 1924, and at least once thereafter.<br /><br />In area known as <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Report_of_the_Superintendent_of_Public_I/h0A_AAAAYAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=wheatfield%20niagara%20school&amp;pg=PA144&amp;printsec=frontcover">Kohl's Woods</a>? Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of North Tonawanda, Gratwick School area highlighted (c1948).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Description An account of the resource Shows Bushes Bridge, Nor-Ton Courts, "Sweeney Park", numbered avenues from 20th-24th, and a planned Tesla and Edison Street. Not yet here: Mid-City Plaza, Wurlitzer Park, North Tonawanda High School, lots of southeast (Spruce) area development. Roncroff alone. map https://nthistory.com/files/original/99956c56eb9766d8dbfef3553a0dbc5a.jpg 8a5909e444d6bb931dade4fd0d5473b2 https://nthistory.com/files/original/efc3c572b6eb77c32090c8a0465da6ef.jpg 925fac06d3dd18f69834e7789a8d077d Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Census Enumeration District Maps, North Tonawanda (1950).jpg Description An account of the resource Hi-res version attached and <a href="https://www.nthistory.com/custom/hi-res/Census%20Enumeration District Maps, North Tonawanda (1950).jpeg">here</a>. 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https://nthistory.com/files/original/008424efdf471b0ddf322c20c3cbe44f.jpg 486348080856365dfebb7cd441773052 Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tonawanda and North Tonawanda, Sanborn Insurance map collection, sheets 60-109 (1910-1951).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951-01 https://nthistory.com/files/original/0df333842858d5babe45e1f7e4edf745.jpg 581de799ecb61b6e5e3bbe0a3264cc4a Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource North Tonawanda map (Centennial magazine, 1965).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 https://nthistory.com/files/original/18d5f0fa07953e5a3d0e5bc9df675b66.jpg b812d5c339e4db5a1aa304640fe8149e Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Legislative Districts of North Tonawanda, map (Tonawanda News, 1969-06-13).jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-06-13 https://nthistory.com/files/original/82c8570694c505345c23ba22e2281e7d.jpg 71a95d4b3e840b320e8aacd33dfc2f47 https://nthistory.com/files/original/a7aae9069974f3f313fef207776a1f52.jpg 9f0f77e65cebf5ffd767be8ed94e6c6b https://nthistory.com/files/original/67bec56265fec2132a4d8524ce4833d4.jpg ea3d7ad44b898fd71243f341a964ed00 https://nthistory.com/files/original/c07022be32a87b4340eab868a1afaadc.jpg 0a56add7788262e4961424ca4e2e0a50 https://nthistory.com/files/original/d29a3c535d644068c8f39582ab1547f6.jpg aecea1808ea3f7e02a10c6804044358a Map A diagram of a geographical area's major arteries of transportation, buildings, land owners and terrain. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Niagara Trail Bicentennial Publication, map of historic sites, excerpts (Tonawanda News 1975-08-23).jpg Description An account of the resource This special publication presented keyed maps to current and historical sites for all of Niagara County. Only the parts pertaining to North Tonawanda are included here. The blurbs give a good amount of basic information about many sites. Pictured in photographs are a merry-go-round horse; a trolley car (on the "street railroad") outside of the Hotel Sheldon on Goundry and Main; Edward Hines lake Freighter of Chicago; the Tonawanda Iron Plant as seen from piles of lumber on Tonawanda Island; an early Wurlitzer phonograph; a Wurlitzer theater organ; and Webster Street. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-08-23 civic